Frequency multiplying system



R. M. HElNTZ 1,990,733

FREQUENCY MULTIPLYING SYSTEM Feb; 12,1935.

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ATTORNEY Patented Feb. 12, 1935 I I FREQUENCY M LTIPLYING s rs'rstr'i Ralph MQHeintz, Pal o Heintz & Kaufman, Ltd.,:'San a corporation of Nevada o 1 Application November 1 8 Claims.

This invention relates to frequency multipliers, this application covering a modification and improvement on the system described in my application, Serial'No. 574,260 filed coincidently,

.5 with this application, and entitled high frequency generator.

Amongthe objects. of my invention are: To provide a method of frequency: multiplication wherein large -multi plying factors may be obtained in each stage; to provide a multiplier wherein any desired, number ofstages may be connected in cascade .to produce very great multiplication; to provide a multiplier wherein suc- 'cessive multiplying stages may be connecteddirectly, without the necessity forbufier stages between; to provide a frequency multiplying system wherein power amplification may be obtained with each frequency multiplication; and to provide 'ameans whereby a frequency standard, acting at low and readily controllable frequency, may be used to oontrolradio frequency oscillation of the highest frequencies.

Other objects of my invention will be apparent or will be specifically pointed out in the description forming a part of thisfspeci fication, but I do not limit myself to the embodiment of my inventionherein described, asvarious forms may be adoptedwithinthe scope of theclaims.

Referring to the drawings: f

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a frequency multiplying system embodying my invention, wherewith a 120 cycle source is-v utilized to control a 13 met'er radio wave I Figure 2'is adiagrammatic longitudinal sectionalvie'w of a frequency multiplier embodying my invention. h v e Figure 3 is a transverse section of the frequency multiplier structure shown 'in Figure 2, V

the plane of projection being indicated by the line 3,-,3 in the second; figure.

Figure 4 is a front elevation of the anode structure utilized in the tube shown in Figure 2, portions of the front anodes being cut away.

more clearly to show the arrangement.

structure utilized in the output tube of the frequency multiplier arrangement shown in Figure 1.

Broadly considered, thefrequency multiplier cular closed two-dimensional path. Positioned to intercept the path of the ray, is an anode Figure, 5 is a front elevation of theanode- Alto, Calif assignor to Francisco, Calif., i. 1, 1 93l,"SeriaITNo'. 514,262

structure comprising a plurality of anodes, ,these anodes being';positioned" so that they intercept the beam ofrays successively. Theanodes are connected to a tuned polyphase circuit, and' the successive excitation of the anodes by the-impinging beam of rays, generates ,polyphase cur rent in this circuit, the tuning .of the circuit filtering out the high frequencyi omponents to provide substantially puresine wave form in each phase. The anodes are preferably placed onebehifid the other, the forward anodes being perforated tapermit the'passage of the rays therethroughto therear anode, and since there a may be a plurality 'of 'suchperforations in the path traced by the rays in onefcycle of the defleeting current, "the 'polyphase output circuit carries current of a multiplied frequency. The output circuit mamas used to establish a rotating pol yphase field forfdeflecting a second beam of cathode rays, which is utilized, as was the first, to. provide a second frequency multiplication. As manyis'uch multiplications as desired little actual power is,us,ed to deflect the rays in 7 any stage, large power amplification may be obtained with each frequency multiplication, and it is therefore possible to build high frequency radio transmitters, using no amplifiers of the ordinary three-electrode type, and with complete eliminationof harmonic generators, buffer stages, and similar critical apparatus.

Describing in detail a frequencymultiplier' system utilizing my invention, ,Figure 1 shows an electrically driven tuning fork 1, of conventional design, 'which is actuated from a battery 2. This tuning fork would normally be under temv 'perature control, but since apparatus of this type is incommon use it is not shown or described here. The tuning fork output is .fed into an amplifier 4, of conventional type, whose output supplies a synchronous motor 5. practice, I preferably uti1ize .a; l20 cycle fork, which drives the two at 7200 R. P. M. V H V e The. motor ,drives a generator 6,. preferably of three-phase synchronous construction, and since the, output'required of this generator is small, I haveifound it .readily possible, built with the large number of poles, required, to obtain l' lgiflufcycles output. This is entirely a matter. of design and" choice, since lower frequency output may be used and anadditional stage of cathode ray frequency multiplication incorporated in the multiplier.

The generator 6 feeds into the three-phase deflecting coils '7 of the cathode ray multiplier 9. The coils are shown asstar connected, but they may equally well be delta connected. In order to improve the power factor of the generator, and obtain maximum effectiveness with a minimum of input, condensers 10 are preferably connected across each'phase, these condensers and the coils being preferably tunedto the output frequency of the generator."

The actual structure of the frequency multiplier 9 and its surrounding coils is asshown in Figure 2; The multiplier comprises a glass envelope 11 havinga stem 12, on which is mounted a cathode comprising a heating coil 14 and an internally emitting cylinder or thimble 15 for generating the beam: of cathode rays.

Although the heater type of cathodeis to be preferred, the heating coil, 14 may'itself be u'sedas a filamentary emitter, and this arrangement is shown in the diagrammatic views of Figure 1.

The deflecting coils Tare uniformly disposed about the cylinder parallel to'its axis, and generate a magnetic field which rotates at the frequency of output of the generator 6. 7

Any known means may be used for concentrating the beam of rays, suchas gas focusing, electrostatic focusing, or other suitable methods, but I prefer to focus magneticallyby means of a solenoid 16 surrounding the tube and coaxial therewith. This arrangement has been described in detail elsewhere, including my above mentioned copendingiapplication, and is no part of fthis invention. The focusing coil is'therefore omitted in'the schematic diagram.

A plurality of. anode plates, positioned one behind the other, are provided to intercept the cathode beam. In thearrangement' shown the foremost plate 17 is provided with a circle of elongated holes 18, these holes beingpositioned in the path swept out by the deflected beam of rays from the cathode, sothat the beam will pass through the holes for a portion of its travel along its path. The holes are preferably spaced by a distance-which is one-half their maximum length, so that the beam is intercepted by the anode 1'7 for one-third of the time. j

The second anode 20 is provided with a series of circular holes2 1, which are alined with one end of the elongated holes in the anode 17. The third or rearmost' anode 22 need not be perforated.

When the rays aredeflected by thefield from the coil 7 into a substantially circular path, they are first intercepted by the anode1'7, then strike the holes 18 and pass through to the anode 20, and then pass through the holes 21 to reach the anode 22 after which they again fall on the anode 17, this cycle of operation being repeated a number of times for each deflecting cycle.

' Figures 3 and 4 show a series of twelve holes in each of the anodesil'l and 20, giving a fre quency multiplication of 12," but it is easily possible to obtain frequency multiplication of, 40 or more, particularly inthe first stage where small powers are used and the beam of cathode rays may be highly concentrated. n

Each of thethree anodes connects to one terminal of a second set of deflecting coils 7,, these coils preferably being connected in star, and the lead 24 connects from. the neutral, through a battery of other source'25, back'to' the cathode 14 of the tube 9. The cathode is shown as heated by a separate battery 26.

The output coils 7' are preferably tuned by variable condensers 10' in the same manner as the deflecting coils of the tube 9. These coils also produce a three-phase rotating field, whose speed of rotation or frequency is higher than that of the coils"? by a factor equal to a number of holes in the anodes of the tube 9.

Arranged within the coils 7 is a tube 9, similar to the tube 9,but preferably of larger andheavier construction, since amplification may be obtained between the tubes. The parts of the tube9" bear thesame reference characters a as are applied to like parts of the tube 9, but

are distinguished by accents. In practice, however, the tube 9 is usually designed for a smaller multiplying factor, a practical application utilizing half the number of holes in the anode 17' that are used in the anode 17.

The output leads from the anodes 17, 20 and 22' connect in'turn to a three-phase deflecting system comprising the coils 7 and condensers 10". Withinthis coil system is a tube 27, having an electrode-emittingcathode 29 and a pair of anodes 30 and 31. Except in the arrangement of its anodes the tube 27 is similar to tubes 9 and 9', although preferably built larger to handle greater power. The anode 30 is a plain disk, as shown in Figure 5, while the anode 31, placed in front of the anode 30, has opposite quadrants cut away to give it a butterfly shape. These twoanodes connect to the opposite ends of an inductance 32, whose central tap connects through a lead 34 and a D. C. generator 35'back to the filament 29. The inductance 32 is tuned by a condenser 36, and. is,

sector butterfly anode 3l,would double this or give a wave-length of 6 meters. It is therefore obvious that by varying the number of multiplying stages, the speed of the original driving fork, or the number of poles of the generator 6, that any frequency within the ordinarily useful radio range may be obtained with but three stages of tube multiplication. By the use of an additional stage a generator with a much smaller number of poles may be utilized as the initial drive, and the entire range may still be covered with anywhere from two to four tube multiplier stages;

The,

The amount of work required from the output of each of these multiplying tubes, except the last, is relatively small. Their duty, is merely to supply the deflecting field for the succeeding tube, which is a purely reactive load. The tuning condensers connected to the coils carry most of this load, at the same time filtering out the harmonics in the output current, so that only the lossesneed be supplied by the multiplying tube. The later tubes in the series utilize higher voltages and eater currents, and more deflecting field is therefore necessary in each successive tube, but amplifications of at least ten are readily available in each stage. V

It is obvious that the usefulness of the device is not limited to three-phase outputs and rotating fields. Quarter-phase, six+phase, or any other type" of *polyphase drive 'may be' accomplished' by the use of four, six, or other appropriate number of superposed anode'plates. The efficiency of conversion is probably greater however, and the wave form is better, with three-phase than with other polyphase' arrangements. 7

Where polyphase radio waves are desired, the

- final tube may be of the same type as the tubes g a cathode ray tube including means for gener- V 9 and 9', instead of, the simpler push-pulltube 'shown.

I claim: V

1." A polyphase frequencyconverter comprising an electron-emitting cathode, threephase means for'deflecting abeam of cathode rays emitted from said cathode, said deflection being in a closed two-dimensional path, a succession of three anodes 'positionedone behind the other in line with the path of the deflected beam, the first of said anodes having openings therein to permit the passage of said beam therethrough during two-thirds of the course of its path of deflection, and the second of said anodes having openings to permit the passage of the beam therethrough during one-thirdof its path of deflection, three inductors connected in star to said anodes,and three condensers connected in delta for tuning said inductors. V

2. The method of' frequency multiplication which includes the steps of generating a beam of cathode rays, generating 'athreephase field to deflectsaid rays in a substantially circular path, intercepting said beam to divert its component electrons cyclically into a plurality of channels during each cycle of deflection to produce a threephase current of higher frequency,. generating a second beam of cathode rays, and

utilizing said threephase current to deflect said second beam to produce a second frequency multiplication. i r

3. The method of frequency multiplication which includes the steps of generating a beam of cathode rays, generating a threephase field to deflect said rays in a substantially circular path, intercepting said beam to divert its component electrons cyclically into a plurality of channels during each cycle of deflection to produce a threephase current of higher frequency, filtering said polyphase current to remove harmonics therefrom, generating a second beam of cathode rays, establishing a rotating field with said threephase current deflecting said second beam by said field, and diverting said second beam successively into a plurality of channels to produce a second frequency multiplication.

4.. A frequency multiplying system comprising ating a beam of cathode rays, a plurality of anodes positioned successively to intercept said beam when deflected in a closed path, a threephase deflecting system=positioned so to deflect said beam and comprising a plurality of deflecting elements, a source of direct current, means for diverting said current successively to said deflecting elements, and threephase tuning means connected to said elements and selectively responsive therewith to the frequency wherewith said elements are excited by said direct current, whereby the alternating component imposed on said elements is converted into a substantially uniform threephase component of fundamental frequency for uniformly deflecting said beam.

' 5. A frequency multiplying system comprising a cathode ray tube including means for generating a beam of cathode rays, a plurality ofanodes positioned successively to intercept said beam when deflected in a closed path, a plurality of deflecting. coils positioned uniformly about 2. source of direct current, means for diverting ,said current successively through said coils, and

threephase tuning means connected across said coils and selectively responsive to the frequency of excitation thereof whereby the fundamental alternating frequency of said excitation effects a substantially uniform deflection of said beam.

6. In combination, a cathode ray device including a plurality of anodes positioned successively to intercept a cathode ray which is deflected' in a closed path, each of said anodes being arranged to intercept said .ray a plurality of times in each cycle of deflection, a second cathode ray device including anodes arranged repeatedly to intercepta cathode ray in each deflection cycle, and a threephase deflection system positioned to deflect a ray in said second device and connected for supply from the anodes of said first mentioned device.

'7. In combination, a cathode ray device including a plurality of anodes positioned successively to intercept a cathode ray which is deflected in a closed path, each of said anodes being arranged to intercept said ray a plurality of times in each cycle of deflection, a second cathode ray device including anodes arranged sively to intercept a cathode ray which is de,

flected in a closed path, each of said anodes being arranged to intercept said ray a plurality of times in each cycle of deflection, a second cath-' ode ray device including anodes arranged repeatedly to, intercept a cathode ray in each deflection cycle, a plurality of deflectingcoils connected in polyphase relation and connected for supply to the anodes of said first mentioned device, and tuning means connected to said deflecting coils to render the deflection caused thereby substantially uniform.

RALPH M. HEINTZ. 

